Health Financing

Health is a vital element and is a constitutive element in the process of life. Without health, activity could not take place as usual. In the life of the nation, the health development actually worth very investatif. Investment value lies in the availability of resources that is always "ready to wear" and remain protected from the attack of various diseases. However, many people underestimate it. Countries, in some cases, too.

The lack of state budget earmarked for the health sector, can be seen as a poor appreciation of the importance of health as a buffer element, which if neglected will create a series of new problems that would absorb finance greater. A kind of new waste that comes from our own mistakes.

The conception of the United States health vision in principle implies a centralized approach in the implementation of health development, a paradigm which in fact is quite contrary to the fad of decentralization, where the autonomous regional authority to determine the direction and development model in the region without having to bound away from the center.

National Health System
The National Health System (NHS) consists of:
1. Health Efforts
2. Health Financing
3. Health Human Resources
4. Resources Drugs and Health Supplies
5. Community Empowerment
6. Health Management

As critical subsystems Development in the administration of health, there are some important factors to be considered health financing. First, the amount (quantity) of health development budget provided by the government and private sector donations. Second, the effectiveness and efficiency of use (functionalization) of the existing budget.
Limited health care budgets in the country, recognized by many parties, not without reason. Various things can be considered as a trigger.

In addition due to the low awareness of the government to put health development as a priority sector, as well as health has not become a political commodity sold in the country's democratic transition.

Ironically, the weakness is not covered by the use of effective and efficient budget as a result, we have encountered many implementation of health programs that are only done at random and imprecise functions. Relative tightness of bureaucracy in the health department and agency derivatives, can be mistaken as the source of the difficulty of pursuing transparency and accountability of the budget in this area. Public participation in the discussion of the functioning of the health budget to be very minimal, if not none at all are called.

The purpose of the implementation of the subsystem financing health care is the availability of financing in amounts sufficient, allocated in a fair, equitable and berhasilguna utilized effectively and efficiently, to ensure the implementation of health development in order to improve public health are the highest.

Elements of Health Care Financing
a. Fund
Ordained Dana governments of both the health sector and other related sectors, from public, private and other sources and used to support the implementation of health development. Available funds should be adequate and accountable.

b. Resources
Health financing resources include: HR management, standards, regulations and institutions that are used effectively and efficiently in an effort to dig, the allocation and expenditure of health funds to support the implementation of health development.

c. Management of Health Funds
The procedure / mechanism Health Fund Management is a set of rules agreed and consistently executed by actors subsystem health financing, either by the Government across sectors, private, and community which includes excavation mechanism, the allocation and expenditure of health funds.

Principles of Health Care Financing Subsystem
a. Health financing is basically a shared responsibility of governments, civil society and the private sector. Allocation of funds from the government for health efforts through the preparation of budget revenues and expenditures, both central and local levels, at least 5% of GDP or 15% of total budget revenues and expenditures each year. Financing health care for the poor and can not afford the government's responsibility.

Health funding from various sources, both from the government, the public, and private sectors should be dug up and collected and continuously improved in order to ensure sufficient numbers to suit their needs, are managed in a fair, transparent, accountable, and efficient berhasilguna, attention to subsidiarity and flexibility, sustainable, and ensure the fulfillment of the equity.

b. Funds intended for health development, particularly directed to financing the efforts of public health and individual health efforts with emphasis on vulnerable groups and the poor, remote areas, border, outer islands and foremost, and that is not a private interest. In addition, health programs that have the power ungkittinggi the improvement of health is a priority for funding.

In ensuring effective and efficient use of health funds, the payment system in health facilities should be developed toward prospective payment form. The expenditure of funds administered through the correspondence between the planning of health financing, strengthening management capacity and competence of the budget planning health providers with the goal of health development.

c. Health funds directed to financing health efforts of individuals and communities through the development of a social health insurance system, so as to ensure the preservation and protection of the community to meet basic health needs.

Any health funds are used responsibly by principles of good governance (good governance), transparent, and refers to the applicable legislation.

d. Community empowerment in health financing is actively pursued through the social fund raising for health (eg health funds) or make use of public funds that have been collected (eg, religious social funds) for the sake of health.

e. Basically excavation, pengalikasian, and financing of health spending in the area is the responsibility of local governments. But for the distribution of health services, the government provides grants (maching grant) for underprivileged areas.

Implementation of Health Care Financing
Subsystem health financing is a process of continuous and controlled, so that available funds are sufficient and sustainable health, coming from the government, private sector, civil society and other sources. Planning and health financing arrangements through excavation and collection of a variety of funding sources to ensure continuity of funding health development, rationally allocate it, use it efficiently and effectively.

In terms of setting the excavation and collection and utilization of funds derived from mandatory contributions, the government must synchronize and synergism between the source of funds of mandatory fees, state funds / budget, funds from the public, and other sources.

a. Fundraising
Fundraising for health development efforts from government through general taxes, special taxes, grants or loans that are not binding, as well as various other sources; funds coming from the private sector gathered by applying the principle of public-private partnership supported by the provision of incentives; excavation funds coming from the public collected actively by themselves or performed passively by utilizing the funds that have been collected in the community.

Fundraising for individual health care is done by extracting and collecting public funds and are encouraged to form health insurance.

b. Allocation of Funds
Allocator government funding through budget planning with emphasis on health improvement priorities, gradually, and continue to be improved so that the number of allocation according to need.

Allocation of funds collected from the community based on the principle of mutual assistance in accordance with the potential and needs. While the allocation of funds to individual health care through participation in health insurance.

c. Expenditure
Use of the funds administered by considering the technical aspects as well as its designation allocative efficiently and effectively to realize the management of health financing is transparent, accountable and good governance (good governance).

Spending on health funding is directed mainly through health insurance, whether they are mandatory or voluntary. This includes social assistance from the government for health care for the poor and can not afford.